Steady-state:-
This refers to the condition where all voltages, currents, and other electrical quantities in a power system have stabilized to constant values.
In a steady-state condition, the system is in a state of balance, with all sources of power (generation) equaling all loads (consumption), and the network parameters such as impedance, voltage, and frequency remain constant over time.
Transient:-
Transients are short-duration disturbances or deviations from the steady-state condition that occur due to sudden changes in the system, such as switching operations, faults, or the sudden connection or disconnection of loads or generators.
These disturbances cause temporary changes in voltages, currents, and other electrical quantities. Transients typically last for a short period, ranging from a few milliseconds to a few seconds, before the system returns to a steady-state condition
.Electromagnetic Transients:–
Electromagnetic transients are a subset of transient phenomena that specifically involve the propagation of electromagnetic waves through the power system.These transients occur due to rapid changes in voltage or current caused by events like switching operations, lightning strikes, or faults
.Electromagnetic transients can cause significant voltage and current fluctuations, and they may propagate through the system, affecting equipment and devices connected to the network.Understanding and analyzing these different operating conditions are crucial for designing, operating, and protecting power systems to ensure their reliability, stability, and safety.
Various tools and techniques, such as simulation software and protective relays, are used to study and mitigate the effects of transients and electromagnetic transients in power systems.