Transformers Components
1. Core:- The core is the magnetic circuit that provides a low reluctance path for the magnetic field between the primary and secondary windings. It is usually made of laminated iron or steel to reduce eddy current losses.
2.Windings:- The windings are coils of wire that are wrapped aroundthe core. The primary winding is connected to the inputvoltage, and the secondary winding is connected to theoutput voltage.
3.Insulation:- Insulation is used to separate the windings and prevent electrical contact between them. It is usually made of a thin layer of paper, plastic, or varnish.
4.Tap changer:- A tap changer is a device that allows the number ofturns in the winding to be adjusted, changing the turnsratio and hence the output voltage.
5.Cooling system:- A transformer generates heat due to losses in the core and windings. A cooling system, such as oil or air, is used to dissipate this heat and prevent the transformer from overheating.
6.Bushings:-Bushings are insulated devices that connect thetransformer to the power system. They provideelectrical isolation and support for the high-voltageconductors that connect to the windings.
7.Conservator tank:-A conservator tank is a container that holds oil, which is used as a cooling medium for the transformer. It also provides space for the expansion and contraction of the oil due to temperature changes.
8.Breather:-A breather is a device that filters and dehumidifies the air that enters and exits the conservator tank,preventing moisture from entering the transformer and reducing the risk of internal faults.
9.Buchholz relay:- A Buchholz relay is a protective device that detectsfaults such as internal arcing, partial discharge, oroverheating in the transformer. It operates bydetecting changes in the gas or oil levels in theconservator tank.
10.Protective relays:-Protective relays are devices that detect abnormal conditions in the transformer and disconnect it from the power system to prevent damage. They operate based on various parameters, such as voltage, current,or temperature.